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    17 Octobre 2020 : La mémoire de l’Empereur Jacques 1er galvaudée par les luttes fratricides

    By Marc Wood Pierre
    378

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    Le nom de Jean Jacques Dessalines fait écho à la plus glorieuse épopée de l’histoire nationale haïtienne et retentit aux confins des terres où les peuples opprimés espèrent un libérateur. Né, dans la colonie de Saint-Domingue, le 20 Septembre 1758 à Cormier sur l’habitation Vye Kay, dans la Grande-Rivière-du-Nord, Jean Jacques Dessalines est élevé esclave par sa tante, Victoria Montou (affectueusement, Grann Toya), qui lui apprit l’art du combat corps à corps et le maniement du couteau.  Devenu libre à l’âge de 31 ans, il s’installe dans la Plaine du Nord où il rejoint les bandes d’esclaves armés dirigés par Boukman Dutty et Georges Biassou, en 1791. Il rejoint ensuite l’armée de Papillon dans le camp espagnol et fait la rencontre du Général Toussaint Louverture dont il deviendra le Lieutenant en Chef au grade de Brigadier Général, en 1799. Il suivra Toussaint Louverture, passé au camp français, jusqu’à la déportation de ce dernier en Juin 1802 par le Général Leclerc. En Octobre 1802, Dessalines prend la tête du mouvement insurrectionnel pour contrecarrer les visées de Leclerc qui cherchait à rétablir l’esclavage à Saint-Domingue. L’armée indigène d’anciens esclaves, forte de 27000 hommes et femmes, conduite alors par le Général Dessalines, s’illustra à la bataille de Vertières en Novembre 1803 et vainquit les troupes métropolitaines françaises conduites alors par le Général Donatien Rochambeau, successeur de Leclerc. Le 1er Janvier 1804, Jean Jacques Dessalines proclame l’indépendance de l’Ile entière et redonne à la colonie son nom indien, Haïti (Hayti ou Ahatti). Il devint Empereur sous le nom de Jacques 1er le 2 Septembre 1804 et mourut assassiné au Pont-Rouge le 17 Octobre 1806.

    Pourquoi avions-nous eu besoin de retracer ce survol historique entourant la vie et l’exploit glorieux d’un homme dont la bravoure, l’intrépidité et la vision n’ont d’égaux que son nom et sa personne ?  Au regard de la réalité actuelle, on serait en droit de s’interroger sur la portée historico-symbolique de la geste révolutionnaire de 1804. Car, depuis ce lugubre assassinat du 17 Octobre 1806, Haïti va à contre-courant de l’histoire et le leadership national n’a jamais cherché à œuvrer pour améliorer le sort des masses défavorisées qui sont livrées à la merci des fausses promesses politiciennes et des discours politiques sans vision et sans lendemain.

    Depuis ces trois dernières décennies, les cérémonies officielles commémorant la mort de l’Empereur sont teintées d’infamie nationale. On nourrit encore la nostalgie d’un temps lointain où la nation en paix avec elle-même rendait hommage avec faste aux exploits bâtisseurs d’un peuple fier à la face du monde. On chantait allègrement  et à chaude voix : « c’est nous jeunesse étudiante, c’est nous les grands, nous les petits, demain la gloire d’Haïti. Les cœurs joyeux, l’âme fervente, toujours en avant nous irons, la tête altière et hauts les fronts. » Oui, fiers, nous étions ! Qui peut ou qui veut encore chanter ce refrain ? On se rappelle l’ambiance festive dans les rues et dans les maisons à l’aube des commémorations ou célébrations nationales. L’administration publique, l’administration privée et les familles haïtiennes rendaient dignement hommage à la gloire des aïeux. Devrait-on, aujourd’hui, commémorer le passé ou déplorer le présent?

    A l’annonce de la commémoration officielle du 17 Octobre 2020 par l’administration Moise-Jouthe au Pont-Rouge, le spectre de la désolation se profile à l’horizon. Menaces et intimidations s’invitent tout naturellement, la propagande de la terreur est en marche avec les moyens et ressources de l’Etat dont les caisses sont toujours à vide quand il s’agit de répondre aux besoins primaires et essentiels de la population. D’un côté, les gangs armés et fédérés à la solde du pouvoir mettent en garde contre toute démarche populaire de revendications dans les rues contre le pouvoir. Tandis que d’un autre côté, l’opposition politique plurielle (sous-entendue, divisée) appelle à la mobilisation populaire dans les rues. La population déjà extenuée par la pauvreté, la misère et l’insécurité aurait beau vouloir fuir mais s’en retrouve, bon gré malgré, entre l’enclume et le marteau.

    Où est Jean Jacques Dessalines dans tout cela ? Nulle part ! Si ce n’est que dans les livres d’histoire et dans les discours éhontés et désenchanteurs de ceux qui continuent à galvauder sa mémoire. Le pouvoir en place, dont la responsabilité est de garantir la sécurité des vies et des biens et d’assurer le bien-être de la population, devrait assumer les conséquences des actes irréfléchis qui mettraient le pays en ruines. L’opposition politique, dont la mission est d’accompagner les revendications légitimes de la population, devrait également penser à initier des démarches citoyennes constructives dans la défense des intérêts du peuple au lieu de reproduire indéfiniment le cycle improductif des manifestations populaires avec son cortège de méfaits injustifiés.

    Où est Jean Jacques Dessalines dans tout cela ? La vie et la vision de Jean Jacques Dessalines ne se limite pas à son assassinat ni aux manipulations mesquines de son nom par les politiciens sans grandeur. La vie et la vision de Jean Jacques Dessalines charrient un idéal de progrès, de prospérité et de bien-être des masses paysannes et populaires ; conditions indispensables à l’éclosion de la paix et à l’épanouissement de la justice. Cet homme est un glorieux monument qu’aucune souillure ne saurait entacher. Aucune infamie ne saurait le déshonorer. Ce nom est la flamme de l’espoir qui doit continuer à nourrir les aspirations les plus nobles des peuples opprimés. Ce nom est le soleil de la liberté de toute une race qui a recouvré sa dignité le 1er Janvier 1804 sur la terre d’Haïti.

    Gloire à l’Empereur Jacques 1er !

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